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  • This is a deepwater calico frogfish (Fowlerichthys scriptissimus), normally found in waters below 70m. This individual was at 25m, perhaps coming up to shallow water for reproductive purposes. Photographed in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.
    fowlerichthys-scriptissimus-calico-f...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) opening its mouth, or yawning, while searching for food.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • Yawning hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) with mouth wide open. Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
    hairy-frogfish-Antennarius-striatus-...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) that has just lunged and grabbed the head of a very large pipefish. After the frogfish swallowed the pipefish, its stomach was so distended that the frogfish crawled into a coconut shell to rest. File 7 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • This is a juvenile painted frogfish (Antennarius pictus), measuring around 8mm. Photographed at a magnification of 4x life-size. Photographed in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.
    antennarius-pictus-painted-frogfish-...tif
  • This is a Lembeh frogfish (Nudiantennarius subteres) swimming across the ocean bottom in the Lembeh Strait.
    nudiantennarius-subteres-lembeh-frog...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) stalking a very large pipefish. After the frogfish swallowed the pipefish, its stomach was so distended that the frogfish crawled into a coconut shell to rest. File 6 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) attempting to attract a small mantis shrimp by waving its lure (esca), in order to eat the crustacean. Mantis shrimps are clever, however, so this one did not fall for the ruse, and the frogfish had to move on to continue its quest for a meal. File 1 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • Silhouette of giant frogfish (Antennarius commerson) in Ambon, Indonesia. One of four pitch-black frogfish clumped together among large sponges in turbid water with poor visibility
    Giant-frogfish-Antennarius-commerson...tif
  • This composite sequence of six images depicts the spawning sequence of a pair of hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus). When the female is ready to spawn, the male nudges her swollen abdomen and the pushes her up into the water column. The height to which the fish ascend varies from case to case. In this instance, the fish only rose about a meter from the sea floor prior to spawning. This sequence spans between three and four seconds.
    antennarius-striatus-hairy-frogfish-...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) that has just swallowed a very large pipefish. After the frogfish swallowed the pipefish, its stomach was so distended, as is visible here, that the frogfish crawled into a coconut shell to rest. File 20 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) walking across the substrate, wiggling its bait, comprising the illicium (rod) and esca (lure), in hopes of attracting prey. File 3 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • Small orange painted frogfish (Antennarius pictus) waiting patiently at night for potential prey to swim by. Photographed in the Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
    orange-painted-frogfish-antennarius-...tif
  • This is a juvenile spotfin frogfish (Abantennarius nummifer), measuring around 1.5cm in length. Photographed at magnification of two times life-size. Photographed in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.
    abantennarius-nummifer-spotfin-frogf...tif
  • Juvenile painted frogfish (Antennarius pictus), about 3cm in length
    antennarius-pictus-painted-frogfish-...tif
  • This is a large male hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) with his esca, or lure, extended to entice prey. The esca is situated at the end of a long rod called the illicium, which is the fish’s front-most dorsal fin. The white hair-like protrusions of the fish’s body are small skeleton shrimp (Caprellidae), clearly visible at 100% magnification. This photograph was taken five days prior to this fish spawning with a smaller female.
    antennarius-striatus-striated-frogfi...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) stopping to consider a flatfish as a possible meal. After a few moments, the frogfish thought the better of it and moved on, possibly because of the size difference. The flatfish was bigger.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) that tried to attract a small mantis shrimp by waving its lure (esca), in order to eat the crustacean. The mantis shrimp did not fall for the trap and fled. It can be seen to the left, in the background. The disappointed frogfish had to move on to continue its quest for a meal.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • Large orange-red painted frogfish (Antennarius pictus) lying in wait for prey at night in Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
    orange-red-frogfish-hunting-at-night...tif
  • This is a male hairy frogiish (Antennarius striatus) with illicium (rod) and esca (lure) extended for the purpose of attracting prey. The wormlike shape of the esca is characteristic of this species. The illicium and esca are part of the frontmost of three dorsal fins.
    antennarius-striatus-striated-frogfi...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) struggling to subdue a very large pipefish that it has grabbed by the head. After the frogfish swallowed the pipefish, its stomach was so distended that the frogfish crawled into a coconut shell to rest. File 11 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • This is a sargassufish (Histrio histrio) about 13cm long that was floating in a small patch of seaweed that had been swept into a shallow bay. From time to time, the fish moved between patches of seaweed, together with a smaller individual. The seaweed and fish floated back out to open ocean with the outgoing tide. Photographed in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.
    histrio-histrio-sargassumfish-202405...tif
  • This is a sargassum frogfish (Histrio histrio) that was floating in a small patch of seaweed that had been swept into a shallow bay. Both the seaweed and the frogfish floated back out to open ocean with the outgoing tide. The fish was about 13cm in length. Photographed in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.
    histrio-histrio-sargassumfish-202405...tif
  • This is a deepwater calico frogfish (Fowlerichthys scriptissimus), normally found in waters below 70m. This individual was at 25m, perhaps coming up to shallow water for reproductive purposes. Photographed in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.
    fowlerichthys-scriptissimus-calico-f...tif
  • This female hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) is aboout 16 hours  away from spawning with a large orange male (see separate spawning sequence). Her abdomen is swollen with eggs in this photograph. The female inflated to about twice this size prior to spawning. As the time for spawning neared, the female appeared to increase her rate of respiration, continually pumping water past her gills, as shown here with the gill opening extended (the tube-like protrusion behind her pectoral fin).
    antennarius-striatus-striated-frogfi...tif
  • This is a male hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) exhibiting the characteristic lump resulting from infection by the parasitic copepod Sarcotaces pacificus. A maggot-shaped female resides inside the lump, where she lays thousands of eggs. The eggs hatch within the lump and pass through five nauplius development stages before reaching their first copepodid stage, at which point the juvenile parasites are able to infect new hosts.
    antennarius-striatus-striated-frogfi...tif
  • This is a fertilized raft of hairy frogfish eggs (Antennarius striatus), floating in the water column a few minutes after a pair of the fish spawned.
    antennarius-striatus-hairy-frogfish-...tif
  • This is a female hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) releasing a raft of eggs during spawning. The male is fertilizing the eggs, just below the frame. The top of the male is just visible. It is more normal for the fish to be adjacent to one another during fertilization, but in this instance, the female swam upward while the male remained lower.
    antennarius-striatus-striated-frogfi...tif
  • These two hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) are seconds away from spawning. The smaller male has positioned himself beneath the female to push her up into the water column. Her belly is swollen with eggs, and she has inflated herself to around twice her normal size in preparation for release of eggs. This may make it difficult for her to swim effectively without help. The male is positioned near where the eggs will be released. Being in this position may be critical for him to judge the precise moment when he should break away from the female and release sperm to fertilize the eggs.
    antennarius-striatus-striated-frogfi...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) that has crawled into a coconut shell to rest with a full stomach, after eating a very large and long pipefish. File 22 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) that has crawled into a coconut shell to rest with a full stomach, after eating a very large and long pipefish. File 21 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) eating a very large pipefish headfirst, with just the tail of the pipefish sticking out of its mouth. After the frogfish swallowed the pipefish, its stomach was so distended, as can be seen here, that the frogfish crawled into a coconut shell to rest. File 18 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) eating a very large pipefish, with just the tail protruding from the frogfish’s mouth. After the frogfish swallowed the pipefish, its stomach was so distended (visible here) that the frogfish crawled into a coconut shell to rest. File 17 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) eating a very large pipefish headfirst. After the frogfish swallowed the pipefish, its stomach was so distended that the frogfish crawled into a coconut shell to rest. File 16 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) eating a very large pipefish, which ended up being so long that it distended the frogfish’s stomach, and the frogfish crawled into a coconut shell to digest its meal. File 14 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) eating a very large pipefish, which ended up being so long that it distended the frogfish’s stomach, and the frogfish crawled into a coconut shell to digest its meal. File 13 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) struggling to subdue a very large pipefish that it has grabbed by the head. After the frogfish swallowed the pipefish, its stomach was so distended that the frogfish crawled into a coconut shell to rest. File 8 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • Hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) with pronounced pink esca clearly visible. Photographed in Lembeh Strait, Indonesia
    hairy-frogfish-antennarius-striatus-...tif
  • White painted frogfish (Antennarius pictus) with mouth open, camouflaged against a sponge of similar white coloration. Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
    white-painted-frogfish-Antennarius-p...tif
  • Giant frogfish (Antennarius commerson) perched on large sponges, unusual body shape accentuated with backlighting. Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
    giant-frogfish-with-backlighting-Ant...tif
  • This is a female painted frogfish (Antennarius pictus) heavily laden with a bellyful of eggs. A smaller, pitch-black male was nearby. The pair were perfectly camouflaged against coral and sponges.
    antennarius-pictus-female-with-eggs-...tif
  • This is a pair of hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) photographed about 22 hours prior to spawning. The yellow-orange fish on the left is the female. Her abdomen is swollen with eggs. The male is positioned near the female. He will stay with her until she is ready, In prepration for spawning, the female will grow to about double her normal size. In order to spawn, the male will need to push the enlarged female up into the water column, where she releases a raft of eggs that he fertilizes.
    antennarius-striatus-striated-frogfi...tif
  • Depicted here are two hairy frogfishes (Antennarius striatus) that have paired up in preparation for spawning. The larger female on the left is walking across the sea floor beneath an overhang in the reef while the male follows. Having paired up with this female, the male will remain in close proximity until she is ready, prepared to fend off other males if necessary. Although the female’s abdomen is already somewhat swollen and distended, she will balloon substantially from this point, becoming around twice the size shown here. This pair spawned between 15 and 16 hours after this photo was taken.
    antennarius-striatus-striated-frogfi...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) struggling to subdue a very large pipefish that it has grabbed by the head. After the frogfish swallowed the pipefish, its stomach was so distended that the frogfish crawled into a coconut shell to rest. File 10 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) walking across the substrate, wiggling its bait, comprising the illicium (rod) and esca (lure), in hopes of attracting prey. File 5 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • Yellow giant frogfish (Antennarius commerson) sitting on a dark red sponge in the Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
    Antennarius-commerson-giant-frogfish...tif
  • Bright orange-red painted frogfish (Antennarius pictus) walking across the muck in Ambon, Indonesia
    orange-red-Antennarius-pictus-ambon-...tif
  • Extremely well camouflaged painted frogfish (Antennarius pictus), hidden in muck in the Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
    camouflaged-painted-frogfish-antenna...tif
  • A pitch-black Commersons frogfish that was together with three other similarly colored frogfish moving among a series of large sponges in turbid water with poor visibility.
    Commersons-frogfish-Antennarius-comm...tif
  • This is a deepwater calico frogfish (Fowlerichthys scriptissimus), normally found in waters below 70m. This individual was at 25m, perhaps coming up to shallow water for reproductive purposes. Photographed in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.
    fowlerichthys-scriptissimus-calico-f...tif
  • This is a yellow striated frogfish (Antennarius striatus) that was well camouflaged on a shallow reef in the temperate waters of Japan. Blending-in perfectly with the texture and color of nearby sponges and algae, the fish was nearly invisible on the reef. It is only easily discernible here due to the selective application of artificial light. Frogfishes are ambush predators, depending upon camouflage to capture prey.
    antennarius-striatus-hairy-frogfish-...tif
  • These two hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) are seconds away from spawning. The smaller male has positioned himself beneath the female to push her up into the water column. Her belly is swollen with eggs, and she has inflated herself to around twice her normal size in preparation for release of eggs. This may make it difficult for her to swim effectively without help. The male is positioned near where the eggs will be released. Being in this position may be critical for him to judge the precise moment when he should break away from the female and release sperm to fertilize the eggs.
    antennarius-striatus-striated-frogfi...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) that has just swallowed a very large pipefish. After the frogfish swallowed the pipefish, its stomach was so distended, as is visible here, that the frogfish crawled into a coconut shell to rest. File 19 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) eating a very large pipefish, which ended up being so long that it distended the frogfish’s stomach, and the frogfish crawled into a coconut shell to digest its meal. File 15 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) struggling to subdue a very large pipefish that it has grabbed by the head. After the frogfish swallowed the pipefish, its stomach was so distended that the frogfish crawled into a coconut shell to rest. File 9 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • Painted frogfish (Antennarius pictus) eating another fish, possibly a species of cardinalfish. Photographed in Lembeh Strait, Indonesia.
    painted-frogfish-eating-cardinalfish...tif
  • Giant frogfish (Antennarius commerson) perched on large sponges, unusual body shape accentuated with backlighting. Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
    giant-frogfish-with-backlighting-Ant...tif
  • Pretty pink Commerson's frogfish sitting on a sponge concealed by sea fans, at a dive site called Shaw Thing in the Eastern Fields of Papua New Guinea. This dive was the first time that Captain Craig of Golden Dawn had come across one of these frogfish in the Eastern Fields even though he had been diving the area for about 20 years at the time of this encounter.
    pretty-pink-frogfish-Antennarius-com...tif
  • This is a juvenile painted frogfish (Antennarius pictus), Over the course of two weeks, this juvenile grew from around around 8mm in length to about 15mm. Photographed at a magnification of 2x life-size. Photographed in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.
    antennarius-pictus-painted-frogfish-...tif
  • This is a male hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) exhibiting the characteristic lump on his head and abdomen resulting from infection by the parasitic copepod Sarcotaces pacificus. A maggot-shaped female resides inside the lump, where she lays thousands of eggs. The eggs hatch within the lump and pass through five nauplius development stages before reaching their first copepodid stage, at which point the juvenile parasites are able to infect new hosts.
    antennarius-striatus-striated-frogfi...tif
  • This is a large male hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) opening his mouth. Frogfishes exhibit this type of yawning behavior relatively frequently. In this image, the frogfish's illicium (rod) and esca (lure) are folded back and tucked away on top of the fish's head, comprising the front-most of three dorsal fins. The white hair-like protrusions on the fish's body are small amphipods known as skeleton shrimp (Caprellidae). This photograph was taken three days prior to this fish spawning with a smaller female.
    antennarius-striatus-striated-frogfi...tif
  • This is a pair of hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) just starting to spawn. The orange fish in on the left is the male, the lighter fish on the right the female. The egg raft is visible between the two fish, just starting to be released by the female. Also, at 100% magnification, there is what appears to be the beginning of white fluid being emitted by the male. This might be the sperm.
    antennarius-striatus-striated-frogfi...tif
  • This is a pair of hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) that have just spawned. The orange fish in the foreground is the male, the lighter fish in the background the female. The fertilized egg raft is visible between the two fish.
    antennarius-striatus-striated-frogfi...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) eating a very large pipefish headfirst. After the frogfish swallowed the pipefish, its stomach was so distended that the frogfish crawled into a coconut shell to rest. File 12 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • A hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) deploying its lure, comprising the illicium (rod) and esca (bait), with the objecting of attracting unsuspecting prey. File 4 of 22.
    hairy-frogfish-hunting-lembeh-200703...tif
  • A tiny juvenile frogfish (Antennarius sp., possible Antennarius nummifer or Antennarius coccineus) hidden among the algae, hydroids, rubble and other debris in the sand. The fish was less than one centimeter in length. Ambon, Indonesia
    tiny-Antennarius-frogfish-ambon-indo...tif
  • Silhouette of giant frogfish (Antennarius commerson) in Ambon, Indonesia. One of four pitch-black frogfish clumped together among large sponges in turbid water with poor visibility
    Giant-frogfish-Antennarius-commerson...tif
  • Striped frogfish (Antennarius striatus) stopping to look into a hole and use its lure (esca) to try to catch food. The fish was unsuccessful and continued walking along the muck bottom in search of prey.
    striped-frogfish-Antennarius-striatu...tif
  • Painted frogfish (Antennarius pictus) eating a cardinalfish in the muck of Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
    painted-frogfish-Antennarius-pictus-...tif
  • Giant frogfish (Antennarius commerson) perched on large sponges, unusual body shape accentuated with backlighting. Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
    giant-frogfish-with-backlighting-Ant...tif
  • Profile of a psychedelic frogfish in shallow water rubble in Ambon, Indonesia. This fish was described only in 2009, and only a limited number of specimens have been documented.
    Psychedelic-frogfish-Histiophyrne-ps...tif
  • This is a calico frogfish (Fowlerichthys scriptissimus) with a zebra-striped pattern. This body pattern is relatively rare compared to the more common mottled pattern. This species usually lives in waters 70m and deeper. The fish appears in shallower sometimes during winter months, perhaps for reproductive purposes. Photographed in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.
    fowlerichthys-scriptissimus-calico-f...tif
  • This is a juvenile painted frogfish (Antennarius pictus), Over the course of two weeks, this juvenile grew from around around 8mm in length to about 15mm. Photographed at a magnification of 2x life-size. Photographed in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.
    antennarius-pictus-painted-frogfish-...tif
  • This is a large female hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus). Her mottled appearance gave her the ability to blend-in with the visual chaos of the reef. She is also covered with small white amphipods known as skeleton shrimp (Caprellidae), clearly visible at 100% magnification.
    antennarius-striatus-striated-frogfi...tif
  • Juvenile orange-red painted frogfish (Antennarius pictus) with open mouth. Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
    Antennarius-pictus-juvenile-open-mou...tif
  • Giant frogfish (Antennarius commerson) perched on large sponges, unusual body shape accentuated with backlighting. Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
    giant-frogfish-with-backlighting-Ant...tif
  • Painted frogfish (Antennarius pictus) in muck environment in Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The frogfish was well camouflaged. Without strobe light to illuminate it, this frogfish would look like just another lump of sponge
    Antennarius-pictus-frogfish-muck-env...tif
  • Psychedelic frogfish (Histiophryne psychedelica) swimming over the rubble in shallow water in Ambon, Indonesia
    Histiophryne-psychedelica-psychedeli...tif
  • This is a striated frogfish (Antennarius striatus) with its mouth open, providing a clear view of the inside of the fish's mouth. The fish's mottled body pattern and its dermal spinules (which resemble hairs), provide the frogfish excellent camouflage.
    antennarius-striatus-frogfish-mouth-...tif
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