Detailed view of the unique structure of the compound eyes of a harlequin mantis shrimp (Odontodactylus scyllarus)., photographed at 3x life-size magnification. The eyes of mantis shrimps comprise what may perhaps be the most complex visual system that has ever evolved. Each eye sits atop a mobile stalk, with each stalk capable of moving independently. Each eye comprises two flattened hemispheres separated by parallel rows of specialized clusters of photoreceptor cells called ommatidia. These rows collectively make up the midband. This 3-part division facilitates trinocular vision in each eye, which means each eye is capable of depth perception. Depending upon the species, mantis shrimps have between 12 and 16 types of photoreceptors (compared to three for humans), giving these crustaceans the ability to perceive a wide spectrum covering from far red to ultraviolet, as well as polarized light.
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